China's over-60 population reaches 323 million, 23% of total

Why it matters: China's population is ageing faster than most countries at a similar income level, which affects the size of its workforce, consumer demand and the cost of pensions and care. Beijing has promoted a "silver economy" of goods and services for older people, while families and local governments face growing pressure over care for those living alone or with disabilities.

China had 323.38 million people aged 60 and over at the end of 2025, 23% of the total population, according to a report by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the national office on ageing. The figure puts the country in a "moderately aged" stage.

People aged 65 and over numbered 223.65 million, or 15.9% of the population. The old-age dependency ratio, which compares the number of older people with the working-age population, continues to rise, the report said.

The report points to pressure on pensions, medical care and long-term care, and notes that families are less able to care for older relatives themselves. Care for people living alone or with disabilities, the sustainability of pensions and the supply of affordable care beds are described as issues for society as a whole.

It also highlights the "silver force" (银发力量) of healthier, younger seniors who can stay involved in society. The report says the silver economy, mutual-help care arrangements and age-friendly facilities are being rolled out, shifting the focus from basic support toward active and enjoyable later life.